Peace
A lake in Dromineer
Saturday, 31 October 2015
The Linnpods once more 31-10-2015
Well on this occasion I have the lovely guest Katerina Pangiotakis an activist and a nice person.It has been a busy few weeks for me ,hard to get time to get things done, but hey one struggles along.http://www.chirbit.com/Jameslinnpods
Wednesday, 21 October 2015
Who is Peter Sutherland
A shocking number of Irish people don't know or try to figure out why we are in the disaster zone we are in. Our lying politicians, aided and abetted by a partisan lying media owned almost entirely by the very people we need to expose. I cannot see how people can manage to be so unaware when the information is there to be had on the internet if they bother to look.......for now it is.When people tell you the truth and you refuse to see it , whose fault do you think it is?
.https://youtu.be/PdBE5a2vWSs
.https://youtu.be/PdBE5a2vWSs
Monday, 12 October 2015
UN document and interpretation
| Here is the UN ocument and it's "Interpretation" |
(NaturalNews) This week, Michael Snyder published an important article entitled The 2030 Agenda: This Month The UN Launches A Blueprint For A New World Order With The Help Of The Pope.
That article references this UN "2030 Agenda" document that pushes a blueprint for so-called "sustainable development" around the world.
This document describes nothing less than a global government takeover of every nation across the planet. The "goals" of this document are nothing more than code words for a corporate-government fascist agenda that will imprison humanity in a devastating cycle of poverty while enriching the world's most powerful globalist corporations like Monsanto and DuPont.
In the interests of helping wake up humanity, I've decided to translate the 17 points of this 2030 agenda so that readers everywhere can understand what this document is really calling for. To perform this translation, you have to understand how globalists disguise their monopolistic agendas in "feel good" language.
Here's the point-by-point translation. Notice carefully that nowhere does this document state that "achieving human freedom" is one of its goals. Nor does it explain HOW these goals are to be achieved. As you'll see here, every single point in this UN agenda is to be achieved through centralized government control and totalitarian mandates that resemble communism.
Translation of the UN's "2030 Agenda blueprint for globalist government" (controlled by corporate interests)
Goal 1) End poverty in all its forms everywhere
Translation: Put everyone on government welfare, food stamps, housing subsidies and handouts that make them obedient slaves to global government. Never allow people upward mobility to help themselves. Instead, teach mass victimization and obedience to a government that provides monthly "allowance" money for basic essentials like food and medicine. Label it "ending poverty."
Goal 2) End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
Translation: Invade the entire planet with GMOs and Monsanto's patented seeds while increasing the use of deadly herbicides under the false claim of "increased output" of food crops. Engineer genetically modified plants to boost specific vitamin chemicals while having no idea of the long-term consequences of genetic pollution or cross-species genetic experiments carried out openly in a fragile ecosystem.
Goal 3) Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
Translation: Mandate 100+ vaccines for all children and adults at gunpoint, threatening parents with arrest and imprisonment if they refuse to cooperate. Push heavy medication use on children and teens while rolling out "screening" programs. Call mass medication "prevention" programs and claim they improve the health of citizens.
Goal 4) Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
Translation: Push a false history and a dumbed-down education under "Common Core" education standards that produce obedient workers rather than independent thinkers. Never let people learn real history, or else they might realize they don't want to repeat it.
Goal 5) Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
Translation: Criminalize Christianity, marginalize heterosexuality, demonize males and promote the LGBT agenda everywhere. The real goal is never "equality" but rather the marginalization and shaming of anyone who expresses any male characteristics whatsoever. The ultimate goal is to feminize society, creating widespread acceptance of "gentle obedience" along with the self-weakening ideas of communal property and "sharing" everything. Because only male energy has the strength to rise up against oppression and fight for human rights, the suppression of male energy is key to keeping the population in a state of eternal acquiescence.
Goal 6) Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
Translation: Allow powerful corporations to seize control of the world's water supplies and charge monopoly prices to "build new water delivery infrastructure" that "ensures availability."
Goal 7) Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
Translation: Penalize coal, gas and oil while pushing doomed-to-fail "green" energy subsidies to brain-dead startups headed by friends of the White House who all go bankrupt in five years or less. The green startups make for impressive speeches and media coverage, but because these companies are led by corrupt idiots rather than capable entrepreneurs, they always go broke. (And the media hopes you don't remember all the fanfare surrounding their original launch.)
Goal 8) Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
Translation: Regulate small business out of existence with government-mandated minimum wages that bankrupt entire sectors of the economy. Force employers to meet hiring quotas of LGBT workers while mandating wage tiers under a centrally planned work economy dictated by the government. Destroy free market economics and deny permits and licenses to those companies that don't obey government dictates.
Goal 9) Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
Translation: Put nations into extreme debt with the World Bank, spending debt money to hire corrupt American corporations to build large-scale infrastructure projects that trap developing nations in an endless spiral of debt. See the book Confessions of an Economic Hit Man by John Perkins to understand the details of how this scheme has been repeated countless times over the last several decades.
Goal 10) Reduce inequality within and among countries
Translation: Punish the rich, the entrepreneurs and the innovators, confiscating nearly all gains by those who choose to work and excel. Redistribute the confiscated wealth to the masses of non-working human parasites that feed off a productive economy while contributing nothing to it... all while screaming about "equality!"
Goal 11) Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Translation: Ban all gun ownership by private citizens, concentrating guns into the hands of obedient government enforcers who rule over an unarmed, enslaved class of impoverished workers. Criminalize living in most rural areas by instituting Hunger Games-style "protected areas" which the government will claim are owned by "the People" even though no people are allowed to live there. Force all humans into densely packed, tightly controlled cities where they are under 24/7 surveillance and subject to easy manipulation by government.
Goal 12) Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Translation: Begin levying punitive taxes on the consumption of fossil fuels and electricity, forcing people to live under conditions of worsening standards of living that increasingly resemble Third World conditions. Use social influence campaigns in TV, movies and social media to shame people who use gasoline, water or electricity, establishing a social construct of ninnies and tattlers who rat out their neighbors in exchange for food credit rewards.
Goal 13) Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
Translation: Set energy consumption quotas on each human being and start punishing or even criminalizing "lifestyle decisions" that exceed energy usage limits set by governments. Institute total surveillance of individuals in order to track and calculate their energy consumption. Penalize private vehicle ownership and force the masses onto public transit, where TSA grunts and facial recognition cameras can monitor and record the movement of every person in society, like a scene ripped right out of Minority Report.
Goal 14) Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
Translation: Ban most ocean fishing, plunging the food supply into an extreme shortage and causing runaway food price inflation that puts even more people into economic desperation. Criminalize the operation of private fishing vessels and place all ocean fishing operations under the control of government central planning. Only allow favored corporations to conduct ocean fishing operations (and make this decision based entirely on which corporations give the most campaign contributions to corrupt lawmakers).
Goal 15) Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
Translation: Roll out Agenda 21 and force humans off the land and into controlled cities. Criminalize private land ownership, including ranches and agricultural tracts. Tightly control all agriculture through a corporate-corrupted government bureaucracy whose policies are determined almost entirely by Monsanto while being rubber-stamped by the USDA. Ban woodstoves, rainwater collection and home gardening in order to criminalize self-reliance and force total dependence on government.
Goal 16) Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
Translation: Grant legal immunity to illegal aliens and "protected" minority groups, which will be free to engage in any illegal activity -- including openly calling for the mass murder of police officers -- because they are the new protected class in society. "Inclusive institutions" means granting favorable tax structures and government grants to corporations that hire LGBT workers or whatever groups are currently in favor with the central planners in government. Use the IRS and other federal agencies to selectively punish unfavorable groups with punitive audits and regulatory harassment, all while ignoring the criminal activities of favored corporations that are friends of the political elite.
Goal 17) Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development
Translation: Enact global trade mandates that override national laws while granting unrestricted imperialism powers to companies like Monsanto, Dow Chemical, RJ Reynolds, Coca-Cola and Merck. Pass global trade pacts that bypass a nation's lawmakers and override intellectual property laws to make sure the world's most powerful corporations maintain total monopolies over drugs, seeds, chemicals and technology. Nullify national laws and demand total global obedience to trade agreements authored by powerful corporations and rubber-stamped by the UN.
Total enslavement of the planet by 2030
As the UN document says, "We commit ourselves to working tirelessly for the full implementation of this Agenda by 2030."
If you read the full document and can read beyond the fluffery and public relations phrases, you'll quickly realize that this UN agenda is going to be forced upon all the citizens of the world through the invocation of government coercion. Nowhere does this document state that the rights of the individual will be protected. Nor does it even acknowledge the existence of human rights granted to individuals by the Creator. Even the so-called "Universal Declaration of Human Rights" utterly denies individuals the right to self defense, the right to medical choice and the right to parental control over their own children.
The UN is planning nothing less than a global government tyranny that enslaves all of humanity while calling the scheme "sustainable development" and "equality."
1984 has finally arrived. And of course it's all being rolled out under the fraudulent label of "progress."-------------------------------------------------------------------
The linnpods 10-10-2015 greetings
http://www.chirbit.com/Jameslinnpods
The Linnpods again 10-10-2015 another helping of waffle and humour
Wednesday, 7 October 2015
Was there a moonlanding at all?
Was it all just one big hoax? This is not the first time I heard this one. An imprint of a runner on the ground in one of the shots supposedly on the moon. You know stuff like that. Flags blowing in the breeze for instance. But if there is no air or atomosphere on the moon DUH I wonder what that could mean? I guess bullshit is nothing new huh.It sells well doesn't it?
https://youtu.be/3_uSyUBjFUo
https://youtu.be/3_uSyUBjFUo
Sunday, 4 October 2015
The Gary Doyle Order courtesy of the common law society
This is courtesy of the common law society, the now famous Gary Doyle order and what it means.
IGNORANCE … What You Don’t Know WILL Hurt You.
Just Ask Gary Doyle.
www.TheCommonLawSociety.com | 086 2411 888 | Inis Na bhFíodhbhadh | info@TheCommonLawSociety.com
We had some heady and deep discussion on this
material recently, and we think that it is well
worth EVERYONES while to take the time to
research this specific material. We do not
normally delve into matters criminal, but in this
case, we think it is highly unfair that People are
being prosecuted by the State as Criminals, for
matters that are primarily concerned and related
to Commerce, Contract and Civil Law. In other words, when the State prosecute you for
anything … they ARE Prosecuting You as a Criminal, and as an enemy of the State.
What we will explain here is nothing new, and is widely available on the internet. It will help
and assist you if ever you have to face a prosecution or charges by the State, the Government,
the County Council, Revenue, the Garda, any Licencing authorities, the ESB, or any other State
or semi-state body, or any Government body or department. IT IS THE STUFF THAT THEY
DO NOT WANT YOU TO KNOW ………... and it creates a legal nightmare for them in the
Courts if you do know it, because it means, they (the State) have to PROVE THEIR CASE.
“You May be Presumed Innocent, But You
Will NOT Get Treated as an Innocent”
As we previously discussed; whenever the State prosecute People, they are prosecuting them as
criminals … they are criminal prosecutions. Asking the Judge if the charge is a Civil or
Criminal one will only anger him or her. Or they might respond that they are not there to give
legal advice … and they are not. In other words, ignorance of the law is no defence. The Judge
might direct that you seek legal counsel and or representation. In other words, if you are too
dumb (as far as they are concerned) to know the difference, they aint gonna help you out or tell
you what to do. They much prefer that you get financially raped by a Solicitor or Barrister,
rather than direct you to law that might give you a fighting chance to WIN YOUR CASE.
We are specifically endorsing, that you study and research ALL this material thoroughly, as it is
fundamental to building a decent defence in relation to being prosecuted for Non-Declaration
and or Non-Payment of the Household Charge, Property Tax, Water Charges, Septic Tank
Charges, Commercial Rates and many other Fines, Fees and Charges in relation to the State, the
DPP, Revenue and any other State and Semi-State bodies that may be prosecuting you.
IGNORANCE … What You Don’t Know WILL Hurt You.
Just Ask Gary Doyle.
www.TheCommonLawSociety.com | 086 2411 888 | Inis Na bhFíodhbhadh | info@TheCommonLawSociety.com
Let us begin by being unambiguously clear … it is not just a legal battle that you face, when or
if you ever have to legally defend yourself in Court against the State, Revenue or the DPP, or
any of their agents or bodies, IT IS A WAR OF ATTRITION. The State or the DPP or
whomever are attempting to prosecute you, do not usually expect Citizens as Defendants to put
up too much of a battle, and primarily, most do not put up any level of a Defence or Legal fight.
Equally, when Citizens employ legal
counsel, soliciters or backstabbers, they are
making themselves redundant and are by
implication telling the Judge and the Court
that they are in no way ready or fit to fight
their case, so have already essentially lost
their case before it began. The rest as they
say is academic, and the case is already
over before it has stated. The soliciters or
the backstabbers sometimes put on a bit of
a show, if they are not admitting that their
own client is guilty (which most do), or
they are not BEGGING for leniency of the
Court, which is an admission of guilt also.
Over the years, we have been in and out of all of the Courts, and we have all observed how the
Courts deal with and PROCESS Citizens. Quite literally, all of the Courts are simply processing
plants. They open for business at a certain time, they process the Citizens, and they extract
Revenue from them. Yes … they extract Money form the Citizens. Then they close at a certain
time of day, when as many of the Citizens as possible have been shaken down.
- THIS IS NOT A JOKE -
THIS IS A MASSIVE MONEY MAKING SCAM
… a gift to the State and Judiciary from the Crown.
IGNORANCE … What You Don’t Know WILL Hurt You.
Just Ask Gary Doyle.
www.TheCommonLawSociety.com | 086 2411 888 | Inis Na bhFíodhbhadh | info@TheCommonLawSociety.com
If you don’t have this fundamental information, and you find yourself in front of a Judge, then
as they say in legal-land “you’re on your own, have no paddle, and are up the preverbal
creek”. Get ready and get reading & studying TODAY. Get this out to your family & friends.
The State are Gonna get Ya and are coming soon to a home near you!
The State will literally take everything that you think you own. If you decide that you do not
like this fact, and some day you end up in front of a Judge, you had better be prepared. If that
day comes, the State will be in full flow and prepared to prosecute and persecute you. They will
charge you with Non-This and Non-That … in other words they will in effect be charging you
with NOT DOING WHAT YOU ARE TOLD by the State. You are being a bold Citizen-Slave.
Current charges and issues that are on the table for a substantial number of People are things
like the Non-Declaration and the Non-Payment of the Household Charge, Property Tax, Water
Charges and Septic tank Charges. But the following information is not mutually exclusive, and
can be applied to all or any of the following and more … if you are being prosecuted for all or
any traffic related offences, all licencing issues, all prosecutions by the ESB or any other Semi-
State utility providers, commercial rates, and all prosecutions being brought by all or any town
and County Councils , by the Environmental Protection Agency, the Health and Safety
Authority, and all and any other State or Semi-State bodies, groups, agencies or quangos. As
you can see it is quite a substantial list, and it is worth re-stating that ALL prosecutions being
brought by any of the above is of a Criminal Nature … thus you will need to thoroughly
research a thing called ….. a “GARY DOYLE ORDER”.
IGNORANCE … What You Don’t Know WILL Hurt You.
Just Ask Gary Doyle.
www.TheCommonLawSociety.com | 086 2411 888 | Inis Na bhFíodhbhadh | info@TheCommonLawSociety.com
The biggest problem you will have, when you face into what is termed as a Summary
prosecution, is yourself and your own ignorance of the law. No Man or Woman can reasonably
be expected to defend themselves unless they know EXACTLY what they are being charged
with and what the EXACT EVIDENCE is.
When you appear for the first time in the Court, you should immediately direct or ask the Judge
for an adjournment and or a Gary Doyle Order. DO NOT MOVE ON FROM THERE!!! If you
do move on and into the case or answering questions then the case is over, and you have lost.
We don’t care how trivial you might perceive the charges to be. This is exactly where the whole
scam is set up to roll you over. REMEMBER THIS: If you are before a Court and ANY of the
above mentioned bodies are charging you with any offences or infringements under “their
Acts” … YOU ARE A CRIMINAL. You WILL lose, and you will end up paying them
something and you could end up taking their benefit of Jail time, even for something that you
perceive as minor.
It is possible that you can Defend yourself, and it is possible that you can learn what you will
need to learn about the law in order to be successful in your defence, and to beat “them” at their
own game. In order to learn their game, YOU WILL NEED TIME, and in order to get that time
you will need some basic legal ammo in your kit bag. On your very first appearance in Court
you will need to stay focused on one thing alone … getting the time away from the Court to
study. You can or may direct the Judge that you need time to prepare your defence. This is not
an unreasonable request to make or direct, so don’t allow yourself or your mind to wander off
into the case. Drum it into yourself the day and night before that you are not ready, and you
need time to prepare a defence. This request can normally get you a 3 to 6 month adjournment.
Remember: For a first time adjournment, most Judges will grant at least 3 months, providing
you can reasonably argue why you need it, and YOU WILL NEED all of the 3 months and
more, to adequately study and research the relevant laws, acts, codes, statutes etc.
Next time that you return to Court (at least 3 months later) … the ONLY THING in your head
should be to look for a GARY DOYLE ORDER. A Gary Doyle Order is basically An Order
of the Court for the Prosecution (be they the Garda, the State, the DPP, the Council, the ESB
etc.) … to FULLY DISCLOSE ALL THEIR EVIDENCE TO YOU. No matter what the
case, and how perceivably trivial it might seem, you must seek the GARY DOYLE ORDER.
IGNORANCE … What You Don’t Know WILL Hurt You.
Just Ask Gary Doyle.
www.TheCommonLawSociety.com | 086 2411 888 | Inis Na bhFíodhbhadh | info@TheCommonLawSociety.com
You must insist upon a Gary Doyle Order … IT IS ALL THEIR EVIDENCE AGAINST YOU
… and in Order to adequately provide yourself with a reasonable chance of putting together
your defence, you must get it. Keep focused upon it, and do not be put off it by anyone in the
Court. You are now telling the Prosecution that you are prepared to vigorously defend yourself
come what may. The Prosecution will not be expecting this, because 99.999% of Defendants
never-ever look for it … and neither do their so called soliciters or backstabbers … amazingly!
… IT NOW MEANS THAT THE PROSECUTION MUST PROVE THEIR CASE, and
what’s more, they will have to provide you with ALL of the evidence that they are reliant upon.
The Judge will probably give them somewhere between a week and a month to provide their
evidence to you. Then you should direct the Judge that you will need at least 3 months if not
longer to fully examine the prosecution’s evidence, and get prepared to CROSS-EXAMINE the
Prosecution and or their so called witnesses.
The GARY DOYLE ORDER facilitates that you can look for MORE Evidence, depending on
what you uncover and discover. There is obviously a lot more depth and detail that you can
now get into … but do take the time to read ALL of the pages of this article, and become
familiar and conversant with the Department of Public Prosecutions guidelines on GARY
DOYLE ORDERS … below.
A good example might be; that even in a matter that might seem quite trivial; like say the TV
Licencing Authority are trying to prosecute you for the alleged offence of NOT HAVING a TV
LICENCE. You can and should look for a Gary Doyle Order in this matter, as the TV
Licencing Authority now have to provide evidence that you do have a TV, and that you don’t
have a TV Licence. This may be surprisingly more difficult than it looks or seems at the outset,
for the TV Licensing Authority. Whatever evidence that they might come up with, you can
obviously interrogate, sorry Cross Examine them on, and you can now look for more evidence
in relation to that evidence. The TV Licencing authority now have to start documenting and
verifying everything that they do and have done (historically), in relation to the matter (the
case), and they WILL have made mistakes, errors and omissions. A “simple” case like this can
now be turned into a major public drama, and may take weeks, months or years to resolve. Who
knows it might just end up being heard in the European or Human Rights Courts, and it most
certainly could end up playing itself out in the High and Supreme Courts. A simple case like
this, could in effect bring about a sea-change.
Keep in mind that a CROSS-EXAMINATION can take time to complete … after all, you are
going to want to bring the FULL FACTS of the matter within your knowledge, and when we
IGNORANCE … What You Don’t Know WILL Hurt You.
Just Ask Gary Doyle.
www.TheCommonLawSociety.com | 086 2411 888 | Inis Na bhFíodhbhadh | info@TheCommonLawSociety.com
say the FULL FACTS we mean the FULL FACTS. Remember: LEAVE NO STONE
UNTURNED. A properly conducted investigation and CROSS-EXAMINATION could take
days, weeks, months and or years to complete, and it will only cost you time and effort. The
bodies that would or are trying to prosecute you will not be prepared for CROSSEXAMINATION
because, as we stated earlier, THEY NEVER GET QUESTIONED OR
CHALLENGED.
“He Who Fights And Runs Away, Lives To Fight Another Day”
If the case is not going well on the day, always have a valid reason to look for an adjournment,
and get the hell out of the Court. Pre-prepare your reason before you go in. Even if the case is
perceivably lost, it is still not lost. You can always appeal and bring them back in again, you
can also counter sue, and sue them yourself in the High Court.
So start losing the fear today, by getting prepared today … have a read of the information
below. It is very-very interesting.
REMEMBER THIS: You only lose when you give up.
The Common Law Society ™
===================================================================
Department of Public Prosecutions Guidelines …
9 Disclosure
General
9.1 The constitutional rights to a trial in due course of law and to fair procedures found in Articles 38.1 and
40.3 of the Constitution of Ireland place a duty on the prosecution to disclose to the defence all relevant
evidence which is within its possession. That duty was stated by McCarthy J. in The People (Director of Public
Prosecutions) v. Tuite (Frewen 175) as follows:
"The Constitutional right to fair procedures demands that the prosecution be conducted fairly; it is the duty of
the prosecution, whether adducing such evidence or not, where possible, to make available all relevant
IGNORANCE … What You Don’t Know WILL Hurt You.
Just Ask Gary Doyle.
www.TheCommonLawSociety.com | 086 2411 888 | Inis Na bhFíodhbhadh | info@TheCommonLawSociety.com
evidence, parol or otherwise, in its possession, so that if the prosecution does not adduce such evidence, the
defence may, if it wishes, do so".
9.2 In Director of Public Prosecutions v. Special Criminal Court [1999] 1 IR 60, Carney J. (at p.76, in a
passage subsequently approved by the Supreme Court at p.81) defined relevant material as evidence which
"might help the defence case, help to disparage the prosecution case or give a lead to other evidence".
"the prosecution are under a duty to disclose to the defence any material which may be relevant to the case
which could either help the defence or damage the prosecution and that if there is such material which is in
their possession they are under a constitutional duty to make that available to the defence"- McKevitt v.
Director of Public Prosecutions (Supreme Court, 18 March 2003, Keane C.J.).
9.3 The prosecution is therefore obliged to disclose to the defence all relevant evidence which is within its
possession. A person charged with a criminal offence has a right to be furnished, firstly, with details of the
prosecution evidence that is to be used at the trial, and secondly, with evidence in the prosecution's possession
which the prosecution does not intend to use if that evidence could be relevant or could assist the defence. The
extent of the duty to disclose is determined by concepts of constitutional justice, natural justice, fair procedures
and due process of law as well as by statutory principles. The limits of this duty are not precisely delineated and
depend upon the circumstances of each case. Further, the duty to disclose is an ongoing one and turns upon
matters which are in issue at any time.
9.4 Article 5 of the European Convention of Human Rights also guarantees a person charged with a criminal
offence the right to a fair hearing and:
"to be informed promptly in a language which he understands and in detail, of the nature and cause of the
accusation against him".
The Convention provides guidance concerning the minimum rights of accused persons as they are guaranteed
throughout Europe and has been incorporated into Irish domestic law by the European Convention on Human
Rights Act 2003.
9.5 The precise scope of the duty to disclose differs as between cases which are triable summarily in the District
Court and those triable on indictment and are discussed separately below at paragraph 9.6.
Summary Prosecutions
9.6 The scope of the duty of disclosure in summary prosecutions has been defined by the Supreme Court in
Director of Public Prosecutions v. Gary Doyle [1994] 2 IR 286. In the light of that judgment the following
principles should be observed by the prosecution:
1. there is no general duty on the prosecution in a summary case to furnish in advance the statements of
intended witnesses whether or not there is a request for them from the defence. However, if there is
some reason arising from the particular circumstances of a case why advance disclosure of the details of
the case, whether by furnishing statements or otherwise, is necessary in the interest of justice, this
should be done whether or not there is a request;
2. the test to be applied by a court on an application by the defence to be furnished pre-trial with the
statements on which the prosecution case will proceed is whether "in the interests of justice on the facts
of the particular case" this should be done (Gary Doyle's case, at p.301). The requirements of justice
must be considered in relation to the seriousness of the charge and the consequences for the accused.
Very minor cases may not require that statements be furnished. Complexity of the case is also a factor.
IGNORANCE … What You Don’t Know WILL Hurt You.
Just Ask Gary Doyle.
www.TheCommonLawSociety.com | 086 2411 888 | Inis Na bhFíodhbhadh | info@TheCommonLawSociety.com
Amongst the matters which the Supreme Court in Gary Doyle identified as possibly relevant to the
court's decision were:
"(a) the seriousness of the charge;
(b) the importance of the statements or documents;
(c) the fact that the accused has already been adequately informed of the nature and substance of the
accusation;
(d) the likelihood that there is no risk of injustice in failing to furnish the statements or documents in issue to
the accused."
(Gary Doyle's case, at p.302);
1. in making a decision whether to furnish statements the prosecutor should have regard to the principles
set out in Gary Doyle's case and referred to above;
2. a request for statements made by the defence should be considered in the context of the witnesses whom
it is proposed to call at the trial and whether the Gary Doyle principles require disclosure. It is primarily
a matter for the defence, when requesting statements in summary cases, to advance the reason or reasons
why the accused considers that statements should be furnished. If the defence does not advance any
adequate reason for disclosure, and the case does not appear to be one where the Gary Doyle principles
require disclosure, then they need not be furnished without an order of the court;
3. statements or information not intended to be tendered at a summary trial should be furnished to the
defence where it is necessary in the interest of justice. This should be done with or without a request.
This includes statements or information which, even if the prosecutor does not regard them as reliable,
might reasonably be regarded as of assistance to the defence;
4. while the Gary Doyle case arose from indictable offences which were being dealt with summarily, the
principles set out in that case are applicable to all offences being tried summarily.
Prosecutions on Indictment
The Book of Evidence
9.7 Where an offence is to be disposed of by trial on indictment the prosecution has a statutory duty pursuant to
sections 4B and 4C of the Criminal Procedure Act, 1967 as inserted by section 9 of the Criminal Justice Act,
1999, to furnish the accused with certain materials setting out the evidence intended to be adduced against the
accused. The documents provided under section 4B are usually referred to collectively as the book of evidence.
This essentially comprises the evidence which the prosecution intends to adduce at the trial. The following
documents should be included in the book of evidence:
1. a statement of the charges against the accused;
2. a copy of any sworn information in writing upon which the proceedings were initiated;
3. a list of the witnesses whom it is proposed to call at the trial;
4. a statement of the evidence that is expected to be given by each of them;
5. a copy of any document containing information which is proposed to be given in evidence by virtue of
Part II of the Criminal Evidence Act, 1992;
6. where appropriate, a copy of a certificate pursuant to section 6(1) of the Criminal Evidence Act, 1992;
and
7. a list of exhibits (if any).
9.8 These documents are required to be served on the accused person within 42 days of the accused's first
appearance in the District Court. An application to extend this time period may be made which must be
grounded on sufficient reasons such as complexity of the case, large number of witnesses, or other such reason
IGNORANCE … What You Don’t Know WILL Hurt You.
Just Ask Gary Doyle.
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which may cause delay. Because of the short time for service of the book of evidence it may be more
convenient not to charge an accused until the book of evidence is prepared unless there is some reason why
such a course of action would be inappropriate.
Further evidence
9.9 Pursuant to section 4C of the 1967 Act, as inserted by section 9 of the Criminal Justice Act, 1999, if the
prosecutor proposes to call further evidence or additional witnesses or evidence has been taken on deposition,
the prosecutor should serve the accused and furnish the court with the following applicable documents:
1. a list of any further witnesses the prosecutor proposes to call at the trial;
2. a statement of the evidence that is expected to be given by each witness whose name appears on the list
of further witnesses;
3. a statement of any further evidence there is expected to be given by any witness whose name appears on
the list already served under section 4B(1)(c);
4. any notice of intention to give information contained in a document in evidence under section 7(1)(b) of
the Criminal Evidence Act, 1992 together with a copy of the document;
5. where appropriate, a copy of a certificate under section 6(1) of the Criminal Evidence Act, 1992;
6. a copy of any deposition taken under section 4F;
7. a list of any further exhibits.
Obligation by the prosecution to disclose material not intended to be used at the trial
9.10 There may also be other material of an evidentiary nature which the prosecution has decided not to use at
trial. Some of this evidence may neither add to nor detract from the case against the accused, in which case it is
not relevant and need not be disclosed. Other evidence may undermine some aspect of the prosecution case or
in some other way be of assistance to the defence.
9.11 In the ordinary course disclosure of evidence should be made, without a request, if the evidence is
relevant. In this regard relevant evidence includes information which may reasonably be regarded as providing
a lead to other information that might assist the accused in either attacking the prosecution case or making a
positive case of its own. The following information should ordinarily be disclosed if relevant:
1. information not in statement form of which the prosecution is aware whether intended to be used by the
prosecution or not and whether considered reliable or not;
2. in the case of material not in the possession or procurement of the prosecution but of which it is aware
the existence of that material should be disclosed;
3. information regarding proposed prosecution witnesses which might reasonably be considered relevant to
their credibility, such as criminal convictions, an adverse finding in other proceedings, relationship with
a victim or another witness or any possible personal interest in the outcome of a case;
4. details of any physical or mental condition which may affect reliability;
5. details of any immunity from prosecution provided to a witness with respect to his or her involvement in
criminal activities. Where a witness is admitted to a witness protection programme the fact of such an
admission should be disclosed;
6. where the witness participated in the criminal activity the subject of the charges against the defendant,
whether the witness has been dealt with in respect of his or her own involvement and, if so, whether the
sentence imposed on the witness took into account any cooperation with law enforcement authorities in
relation to the current matter;
7. statements not included in the book of evidence which could be of assistance to the defence;
8. the unedited version of statements prepared for inclusion in the book of evidence;
9. items not included in the list of exhibits in the book of evidence which could reasonably be of assistance
to the defence;
IGNORANCE … What You Don’t Know WILL Hurt You.
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10. sworn information and warrants where relevant;
11. particulars of the accused's prior convictions;
12. any prior inconsistent statements of witnesses whom the prosecution intend to call to give evidence;
13. copies of all electronically or mechanically recorded statements obtained from the accused;
14. copies of any photographs, plans, documents or other representations that might be tendered by the
prosecution at trial or which, even though not intended to be so tendered, might reasonably be relevant
to the defence. The defence should also be provided with reasonable access to inspect exhibits and,
where it is practicable to do, photocopies or photographs of such exhibits;
15. where the prosecutor declines to call a witness whose statement is contained in the book of evidence, the
defence should be given details of any material or statements which may be relevant and if requested the
prosecution should make the witness available for the defence to call (see paragraph 8.6 to 8.8);
16. any other relevant document.
9.12 Where it is feasible to do so the defence should be provided with copies of relevant unused material.
However, where that is not feasible (for example because of the large quantity of material involved) the defence
should be provided with an opportunity to inspect it.
9.13 The investigating agency should, as early as possible:
inform the Director's Office of the existence of any material not included with the file that it considers is
potentially relevant. In cases of doubt the investigating agency should err on the side of informing the
Director of the existence of the particular material;
inform the Director's Office of the existence of any potentially disclosable material of which it is aware
and which is in the possession of a third party (that is, a person or body other than the prosecution or the
investigating agency);
provide the Director's Office with copies of potentially disclosable material unless that is not feasible,
(for example, because of the bulk of the material. In such a case it may be necessary for arrangements to
be made to enable the prosecutor to view the material before such a decision can be made whether it has
to be disclosed to the accused).
Material in the possession of third parties
9.14 Following the decision of the Supreme Court in the case of The People (Director of Public Prosecutions)
v. Sweeney (2001 4 IR 102), to the effect that the civil procedure known as 'third party discovery' has no
application in criminal proceedings, defendants cannot utilise this procedure to ensure production of material in
the hands of third parties.
9.15 This does not, however, have as a necessary consequence an erosion of the fair procedures to which the
defendant is entitled. The following observations are relevant:
the Criminal Justice Act, 1999 provides for the possibility of taking evidence by way of sworn
deposition in the District Court at any stage after the return for trial and it is open to the accused to
ensure that any relevant records or notes in the possession of a witness are produced;
alternatively it is open to the accused to require witnesses to attend at the trial and produce any relevant
documents by the issue of a subpoena duces tecum.
The duty to retain and preserve evidence
9.16 A number of principles can be determined from decisions of the High Court and Supreme Court in:
Director of Public Prosecutions v. Daniel Braddish (2001 3 IR 127);
Director of Public Prosecutions v. Robert Dunne (2002 2 IR 305);
Director of Public Prosecutions v. Bowes and McGrath (Supreme Court unreported 6 February 2003);
IGNORANCE … What You Don’t Know WILL Hurt You.
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Director of Public Prosecutions v. Ian Connolly (High Court 15 May 2003); and
Michael Scully v. Director of Public Prosecutions, (unreported 21 November 2003).
The following guidelines are drafted in the light of these cases.
9.17 Evidence relevant to guilt or innocence must, so far as necessary and practicable, be kept until the
conclusion of a trial. This principle also applies to the preservation of articles which may give rise to the
reasonable possibility of securing relevant evidence. The fact that evidence is not to be used by the prosecution
does not justify its destruction or unavailability or the destruction of notes or records about it. Where the
evidence gives rise to a reasonable possibility of rebutting the prosecution case it should be retained.
9.18 There is a duty to seek out evidence having a bearing on guilt or innocence. The obligation does not
require the investigator to engage in disproportionate commitment of manpower or resources in an exhaustive
search for every conceivable kind of evidence. The duty must be interpreted realistically on the facts of each
case. The obligation to seek out and preserve evidence is to be reasonably interpreted and the relevance or
potential relevance of the evidence needs to be considered. There is an obligation and responsibility on defence
lawyers to seek material they consider relevant.
9.19 While observing the foregoing principles the Garda Síochána must have regard to the rights of the owner
of stolen goods. Where they possess evidence which it is not proposed to use at the trial and which they intend
to return to the owner or otherwise dispose of, they should inform the accused of this fact beforehand so the
defence may have the opportunity to examine the items before their return to the owner.
9.20 The defence should be afforded a reasonable amount of time in which to carry out such an inspection. A
record should be retained of any communication with the accused or the accused's representatives inviting
access to the item and the time limit allowed for such access should be recorded. Where the Garda Síochána
have recovered stolen property used in criminal offences the main consideration is relevance to the offence
which is being investigated. The item has to be considered with regard to the overall nature of the investigation.
If a third party is seeking the return of the item, but no suspect has been identified, the question should be asked
as to whether forensic examination, sampling or other tests need to be carried out beforehand to rebut any
possible prejudice which may arise from the disposal of the item.
9.21 Where the Garda Síochána or another investigating agency is in doubt whether material should be retained
they should seek the advice of
the Director's Office.
Limitations on the Duty to Disclose
9.22 The prosecution is under no obligation to disclose irrelevant material to the defence. If the material is
irrelevant in the sense that it is not relied on by the prosecution and does not appear to assist the defence then it
is neither appropriate nor necessary to disclose it. However, as a general guideline if it is reasonably possible
that something is relevant and if there is no other obstacle to disclosure the balance is in favour of disclosure. It
must be borne in mind that the prosecution may not be aware that a particular defence will be put forward by
the accused. In cases of doubt concerning either relevance or a competing claim of privilege the prosecutor
should consider seeking a ruling from the court.
9.23 The prosecution is not obliged to disclose:
a confidential statement made by a Garda informant where such statement would identify the informant;
IGNORANCE … What You Don’t Know WILL Hurt You.
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the identity of a potential witness who has assisted the Garda Síochána without intending to be a witness
and the prosecution has agreed not to call the person unless that person has evidence which would assist
the defence.
9.24 In deciding whether to disclose material the prosecutor must also have regard to any other issues of the
public interest which might arise. In such cases, however, the defence should be informed that material has
been withheld on such grounds so as to enable the accused to seek a court ruling on the matter. Some relevant
factors to be considered are:
1. whether the material is protected by legal professional privilege. The public policy which protects
communications between lawyer and client extends to communications between the Director and his
professional officers, solicitors and counsel as to prosecutions by him which are in being or
contemplated;
2. whether the material, if it became known, might facilitate the commission of other offences or alert a
person to Garda investigations;
3. whether the material would be of assistance to criminals by revealing methods of detection or
combating crime;
4. whether the material involves the security of the State;
5. whether disclosure of the document would lead to the publication of the names of others in respect of
whom further investigative discussions are to take place or in respect of whom enquiries have been
made in certain circumstances where all the parties involved have an entitlement to the presumption of
innocence;
6. where the circumstances require, a prosecutor may seek an undertaking that the material will not be
disclosed to parties other than the accused's legal advisers and the accused.
9.25 The privileges or exemptions outlined at 9.23 and 9.24 are subject to the 'innocence at stake' exception
where the disclosure of the material concerned or of the identity of the informant or witness is necessary or
right because the evidence in question if believed could show the innocence of the accused.
"If upon the trial of a person the judge should be of opinion that the disclosure of the name of the informant is
necessary or right in order to show the person's innocence, then one public policy is in conflict with another
public policy, and that which says that an innocent man is not to be condemned when his innocence can be
proved is the policy that must prevail" - Lord Esher MR in Marks v. Beyfus (1890 25 QBD 494).
If the prosecution is nonetheless unable to disclose the material concerned then it may be necessary to
discontinue the prosecution.
The Timing of Disclosure
9.26 As a general rule disclosure should be made sufficiently in advance of the trial to enable the accused to
consider the material disclosed. Primary voluntary disclosure of all disclosable material then in the possession
of the prosecution should be made at the time of the return for trial of the accused. Any further material
subsequently coming into the possession of the prosecution or specifically requested by the defence should be
disclosed in a timely fashion.
http://www.dppireland.ie/filestore/documents/Chapter_9_Disclosure.htm
IGNORANCE … What You Don’t Know WILL Hurt You.
Just Ask Gary Doyle.
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We had some heady and deep discussion on this
material recently, and we think that it is well
worth EVERYONES while to take the time to
research this specific material. We do not
normally delve into matters criminal, but in this
case, we think it is highly unfair that People are
being prosecuted by the State as Criminals, for
matters that are primarily concerned and related
to Commerce, Contract and Civil Law. In other words, when the State prosecute you for
anything … they ARE Prosecuting You as a Criminal, and as an enemy of the State.
What we will explain here is nothing new, and is widely available on the internet. It will help
and assist you if ever you have to face a prosecution or charges by the State, the Government,
the County Council, Revenue, the Garda, any Licencing authorities, the ESB, or any other State
or semi-state body, or any Government body or department. IT IS THE STUFF THAT THEY
DO NOT WANT YOU TO KNOW ………... and it creates a legal nightmare for them in the
Courts if you do know it, because it means, they (the State) have to PROVE THEIR CASE.
“You May be Presumed Innocent, But You
Will NOT Get Treated as an Innocent”
As we previously discussed; whenever the State prosecute People, they are prosecuting them as
criminals … they are criminal prosecutions. Asking the Judge if the charge is a Civil or
Criminal one will only anger him or her. Or they might respond that they are not there to give
legal advice … and they are not. In other words, ignorance of the law is no defence. The Judge
might direct that you seek legal counsel and or representation. In other words, if you are too
dumb (as far as they are concerned) to know the difference, they aint gonna help you out or tell
you what to do. They much prefer that you get financially raped by a Solicitor or Barrister,
rather than direct you to law that might give you a fighting chance to WIN YOUR CASE.
We are specifically endorsing, that you study and research ALL this material thoroughly, as it is
fundamental to building a decent defence in relation to being prosecuted for Non-Declaration
and or Non-Payment of the Household Charge, Property Tax, Water Charges, Septic Tank
Charges, Commercial Rates and many other Fines, Fees and Charges in relation to the State, the
DPP, Revenue and any other State and Semi-State bodies that may be prosecuting you.
IGNORANCE … What You Don’t Know WILL Hurt You.
Just Ask Gary Doyle.
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Let us begin by being unambiguously clear … it is not just a legal battle that you face, when or
if you ever have to legally defend yourself in Court against the State, Revenue or the DPP, or
any of their agents or bodies, IT IS A WAR OF ATTRITION. The State or the DPP or
whomever are attempting to prosecute you, do not usually expect Citizens as Defendants to put
up too much of a battle, and primarily, most do not put up any level of a Defence or Legal fight.
Equally, when Citizens employ legal
counsel, soliciters or backstabbers, they are
making themselves redundant and are by
implication telling the Judge and the Court
that they are in no way ready or fit to fight
their case, so have already essentially lost
their case before it began. The rest as they
say is academic, and the case is already
over before it has stated. The soliciters or
the backstabbers sometimes put on a bit of
a show, if they are not admitting that their
own client is guilty (which most do), or
they are not BEGGING for leniency of the
Court, which is an admission of guilt also.
Over the years, we have been in and out of all of the Courts, and we have all observed how the
Courts deal with and PROCESS Citizens. Quite literally, all of the Courts are simply processing
plants. They open for business at a certain time, they process the Citizens, and they extract
Revenue from them. Yes … they extract Money form the Citizens. Then they close at a certain
time of day, when as many of the Citizens as possible have been shaken down.
- THIS IS NOT A JOKE -
THIS IS A MASSIVE MONEY MAKING SCAM
… a gift to the State and Judiciary from the Crown.
IGNORANCE … What You Don’t Know WILL Hurt You.
Just Ask Gary Doyle.
www.TheCommonLawSociety.com | 086 2411 888 | Inis Na bhFíodhbhadh | info@TheCommonLawSociety.com
If you don’t have this fundamental information, and you find yourself in front of a Judge, then
as they say in legal-land “you’re on your own, have no paddle, and are up the preverbal
creek”. Get ready and get reading & studying TODAY. Get this out to your family & friends.
The State are Gonna get Ya and are coming soon to a home near you!
The State will literally take everything that you think you own. If you decide that you do not
like this fact, and some day you end up in front of a Judge, you had better be prepared. If that
day comes, the State will be in full flow and prepared to prosecute and persecute you. They will
charge you with Non-This and Non-That … in other words they will in effect be charging you
with NOT DOING WHAT YOU ARE TOLD by the State. You are being a bold Citizen-Slave.
Current charges and issues that are on the table for a substantial number of People are things
like the Non-Declaration and the Non-Payment of the Household Charge, Property Tax, Water
Charges and Septic tank Charges. But the following information is not mutually exclusive, and
can be applied to all or any of the following and more … if you are being prosecuted for all or
any traffic related offences, all licencing issues, all prosecutions by the ESB or any other Semi-
State utility providers, commercial rates, and all prosecutions being brought by all or any town
and County Councils , by the Environmental Protection Agency, the Health and Safety
Authority, and all and any other State or Semi-State bodies, groups, agencies or quangos. As
you can see it is quite a substantial list, and it is worth re-stating that ALL prosecutions being
brought by any of the above is of a Criminal Nature … thus you will need to thoroughly
research a thing called ….. a “GARY DOYLE ORDER”.
IGNORANCE … What You Don’t Know WILL Hurt You.
Just Ask Gary Doyle.
www.TheCommonLawSociety.com | 086 2411 888 | Inis Na bhFíodhbhadh | info@TheCommonLawSociety.com
The biggest problem you will have, when you face into what is termed as a Summary
prosecution, is yourself and your own ignorance of the law. No Man or Woman can reasonably
be expected to defend themselves unless they know EXACTLY what they are being charged
with and what the EXACT EVIDENCE is.
When you appear for the first time in the Court, you should immediately direct or ask the Judge
for an adjournment and or a Gary Doyle Order. DO NOT MOVE ON FROM THERE!!! If you
do move on and into the case or answering questions then the case is over, and you have lost.
We don’t care how trivial you might perceive the charges to be. This is exactly where the whole
scam is set up to roll you over. REMEMBER THIS: If you are before a Court and ANY of the
above mentioned bodies are charging you with any offences or infringements under “their
Acts” … YOU ARE A CRIMINAL. You WILL lose, and you will end up paying them
something and you could end up taking their benefit of Jail time, even for something that you
perceive as minor.
It is possible that you can Defend yourself, and it is possible that you can learn what you will
need to learn about the law in order to be successful in your defence, and to beat “them” at their
own game. In order to learn their game, YOU WILL NEED TIME, and in order to get that time
you will need some basic legal ammo in your kit bag. On your very first appearance in Court
you will need to stay focused on one thing alone … getting the time away from the Court to
study. You can or may direct the Judge that you need time to prepare your defence. This is not
an unreasonable request to make or direct, so don’t allow yourself or your mind to wander off
into the case. Drum it into yourself the day and night before that you are not ready, and you
need time to prepare a defence. This request can normally get you a 3 to 6 month adjournment.
Remember: For a first time adjournment, most Judges will grant at least 3 months, providing
you can reasonably argue why you need it, and YOU WILL NEED all of the 3 months and
more, to adequately study and research the relevant laws, acts, codes, statutes etc.
Next time that you return to Court (at least 3 months later) … the ONLY THING in your head
should be to look for a GARY DOYLE ORDER. A Gary Doyle Order is basically An Order
of the Court for the Prosecution (be they the Garda, the State, the DPP, the Council, the ESB
etc.) … to FULLY DISCLOSE ALL THEIR EVIDENCE TO YOU. No matter what the
case, and how perceivably trivial it might seem, you must seek the GARY DOYLE ORDER.
IGNORANCE … What You Don’t Know WILL Hurt You.
Just Ask Gary Doyle.
www.TheCommonLawSociety.com | 086 2411 888 | Inis Na bhFíodhbhadh | info@TheCommonLawSociety.com
You must insist upon a Gary Doyle Order … IT IS ALL THEIR EVIDENCE AGAINST YOU
… and in Order to adequately provide yourself with a reasonable chance of putting together
your defence, you must get it. Keep focused upon it, and do not be put off it by anyone in the
Court. You are now telling the Prosecution that you are prepared to vigorously defend yourself
come what may. The Prosecution will not be expecting this, because 99.999% of Defendants
never-ever look for it … and neither do their so called soliciters or backstabbers … amazingly!
… IT NOW MEANS THAT THE PROSECUTION MUST PROVE THEIR CASE, and
what’s more, they will have to provide you with ALL of the evidence that they are reliant upon.
The Judge will probably give them somewhere between a week and a month to provide their
evidence to you. Then you should direct the Judge that you will need at least 3 months if not
longer to fully examine the prosecution’s evidence, and get prepared to CROSS-EXAMINE the
Prosecution and or their so called witnesses.
The GARY DOYLE ORDER facilitates that you can look for MORE Evidence, depending on
what you uncover and discover. There is obviously a lot more depth and detail that you can
now get into … but do take the time to read ALL of the pages of this article, and become
familiar and conversant with the Department of Public Prosecutions guidelines on GARY
DOYLE ORDERS … below.
A good example might be; that even in a matter that might seem quite trivial; like say the TV
Licencing Authority are trying to prosecute you for the alleged offence of NOT HAVING a TV
LICENCE. You can and should look for a Gary Doyle Order in this matter, as the TV
Licencing Authority now have to provide evidence that you do have a TV, and that you don’t
have a TV Licence. This may be surprisingly more difficult than it looks or seems at the outset,
for the TV Licensing Authority. Whatever evidence that they might come up with, you can
obviously interrogate, sorry Cross Examine them on, and you can now look for more evidence
in relation to that evidence. The TV Licencing authority now have to start documenting and
verifying everything that they do and have done (historically), in relation to the matter (the
case), and they WILL have made mistakes, errors and omissions. A “simple” case like this can
now be turned into a major public drama, and may take weeks, months or years to resolve. Who
knows it might just end up being heard in the European or Human Rights Courts, and it most
certainly could end up playing itself out in the High and Supreme Courts. A simple case like
this, could in effect bring about a sea-change.
Keep in mind that a CROSS-EXAMINATION can take time to complete … after all, you are
going to want to bring the FULL FACTS of the matter within your knowledge, and when we
IGNORANCE … What You Don’t Know WILL Hurt You.
Just Ask Gary Doyle.
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say the FULL FACTS we mean the FULL FACTS. Remember: LEAVE NO STONE
UNTURNED. A properly conducted investigation and CROSS-EXAMINATION could take
days, weeks, months and or years to complete, and it will only cost you time and effort. The
bodies that would or are trying to prosecute you will not be prepared for CROSSEXAMINATION
because, as we stated earlier, THEY NEVER GET QUESTIONED OR
CHALLENGED.
“He Who Fights And Runs Away, Lives To Fight Another Day”
If the case is not going well on the day, always have a valid reason to look for an adjournment,
and get the hell out of the Court. Pre-prepare your reason before you go in. Even if the case is
perceivably lost, it is still not lost. You can always appeal and bring them back in again, you
can also counter sue, and sue them yourself in the High Court.
So start losing the fear today, by getting prepared today … have a read of the information
below. It is very-very interesting.
REMEMBER THIS: You only lose when you give up.
The Common Law Society ™
===================================================================
Department of Public Prosecutions Guidelines …
9 Disclosure
General
9.1 The constitutional rights to a trial in due course of law and to fair procedures found in Articles 38.1 and
40.3 of the Constitution of Ireland place a duty on the prosecution to disclose to the defence all relevant
evidence which is within its possession. That duty was stated by McCarthy J. in The People (Director of Public
Prosecutions) v. Tuite (Frewen 175) as follows:
"The Constitutional right to fair procedures demands that the prosecution be conducted fairly; it is the duty of
the prosecution, whether adducing such evidence or not, where possible, to make available all relevant
IGNORANCE … What You Don’t Know WILL Hurt You.
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evidence, parol or otherwise, in its possession, so that if the prosecution does not adduce such evidence, the
defence may, if it wishes, do so".
9.2 In Director of Public Prosecutions v. Special Criminal Court [1999] 1 IR 60, Carney J. (at p.76, in a
passage subsequently approved by the Supreme Court at p.81) defined relevant material as evidence which
"might help the defence case, help to disparage the prosecution case or give a lead to other evidence".
"the prosecution are under a duty to disclose to the defence any material which may be relevant to the case
which could either help the defence or damage the prosecution and that if there is such material which is in
their possession they are under a constitutional duty to make that available to the defence"- McKevitt v.
Director of Public Prosecutions (Supreme Court, 18 March 2003, Keane C.J.).
9.3 The prosecution is therefore obliged to disclose to the defence all relevant evidence which is within its
possession. A person charged with a criminal offence has a right to be furnished, firstly, with details of the
prosecution evidence that is to be used at the trial, and secondly, with evidence in the prosecution's possession
which the prosecution does not intend to use if that evidence could be relevant or could assist the defence. The
extent of the duty to disclose is determined by concepts of constitutional justice, natural justice, fair procedures
and due process of law as well as by statutory principles. The limits of this duty are not precisely delineated and
depend upon the circumstances of each case. Further, the duty to disclose is an ongoing one and turns upon
matters which are in issue at any time.
9.4 Article 5 of the European Convention of Human Rights also guarantees a person charged with a criminal
offence the right to a fair hearing and:
"to be informed promptly in a language which he understands and in detail, of the nature and cause of the
accusation against him".
The Convention provides guidance concerning the minimum rights of accused persons as they are guaranteed
throughout Europe and has been incorporated into Irish domestic law by the European Convention on Human
Rights Act 2003.
9.5 The precise scope of the duty to disclose differs as between cases which are triable summarily in the District
Court and those triable on indictment and are discussed separately below at paragraph 9.6.
Summary Prosecutions
9.6 The scope of the duty of disclosure in summary prosecutions has been defined by the Supreme Court in
Director of Public Prosecutions v. Gary Doyle [1994] 2 IR 286. In the light of that judgment the following
principles should be observed by the prosecution:
1. there is no general duty on the prosecution in a summary case to furnish in advance the statements of
intended witnesses whether or not there is a request for them from the defence. However, if there is
some reason arising from the particular circumstances of a case why advance disclosure of the details of
the case, whether by furnishing statements or otherwise, is necessary in the interest of justice, this
should be done whether or not there is a request;
2. the test to be applied by a court on an application by the defence to be furnished pre-trial with the
statements on which the prosecution case will proceed is whether "in the interests of justice on the facts
of the particular case" this should be done (Gary Doyle's case, at p.301). The requirements of justice
must be considered in relation to the seriousness of the charge and the consequences for the accused.
Very minor cases may not require that statements be furnished. Complexity of the case is also a factor.
IGNORANCE … What You Don’t Know WILL Hurt You.
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Amongst the matters which the Supreme Court in Gary Doyle identified as possibly relevant to the
court's decision were:
"(a) the seriousness of the charge;
(b) the importance of the statements or documents;
(c) the fact that the accused has already been adequately informed of the nature and substance of the
accusation;
(d) the likelihood that there is no risk of injustice in failing to furnish the statements or documents in issue to
the accused."
(Gary Doyle's case, at p.302);
1. in making a decision whether to furnish statements the prosecutor should have regard to the principles
set out in Gary Doyle's case and referred to above;
2. a request for statements made by the defence should be considered in the context of the witnesses whom
it is proposed to call at the trial and whether the Gary Doyle principles require disclosure. It is primarily
a matter for the defence, when requesting statements in summary cases, to advance the reason or reasons
why the accused considers that statements should be furnished. If the defence does not advance any
adequate reason for disclosure, and the case does not appear to be one where the Gary Doyle principles
require disclosure, then they need not be furnished without an order of the court;
3. statements or information not intended to be tendered at a summary trial should be furnished to the
defence where it is necessary in the interest of justice. This should be done with or without a request.
This includes statements or information which, even if the prosecutor does not regard them as reliable,
might reasonably be regarded as of assistance to the defence;
4. while the Gary Doyle case arose from indictable offences which were being dealt with summarily, the
principles set out in that case are applicable to all offences being tried summarily.
Prosecutions on Indictment
The Book of Evidence
9.7 Where an offence is to be disposed of by trial on indictment the prosecution has a statutory duty pursuant to
sections 4B and 4C of the Criminal Procedure Act, 1967 as inserted by section 9 of the Criminal Justice Act,
1999, to furnish the accused with certain materials setting out the evidence intended to be adduced against the
accused. The documents provided under section 4B are usually referred to collectively as the book of evidence.
This essentially comprises the evidence which the prosecution intends to adduce at the trial. The following
documents should be included in the book of evidence:
1. a statement of the charges against the accused;
2. a copy of any sworn information in writing upon which the proceedings were initiated;
3. a list of the witnesses whom it is proposed to call at the trial;
4. a statement of the evidence that is expected to be given by each of them;
5. a copy of any document containing information which is proposed to be given in evidence by virtue of
Part II of the Criminal Evidence Act, 1992;
6. where appropriate, a copy of a certificate pursuant to section 6(1) of the Criminal Evidence Act, 1992;
and
7. a list of exhibits (if any).
9.8 These documents are required to be served on the accused person within 42 days of the accused's first
appearance in the District Court. An application to extend this time period may be made which must be
grounded on sufficient reasons such as complexity of the case, large number of witnesses, or other such reason
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which may cause delay. Because of the short time for service of the book of evidence it may be more
convenient not to charge an accused until the book of evidence is prepared unless there is some reason why
such a course of action would be inappropriate.
Further evidence
9.9 Pursuant to section 4C of the 1967 Act, as inserted by section 9 of the Criminal Justice Act, 1999, if the
prosecutor proposes to call further evidence or additional witnesses or evidence has been taken on deposition,
the prosecutor should serve the accused and furnish the court with the following applicable documents:
1. a list of any further witnesses the prosecutor proposes to call at the trial;
2. a statement of the evidence that is expected to be given by each witness whose name appears on the list
of further witnesses;
3. a statement of any further evidence there is expected to be given by any witness whose name appears on
the list already served under section 4B(1)(c);
4. any notice of intention to give information contained in a document in evidence under section 7(1)(b) of
the Criminal Evidence Act, 1992 together with a copy of the document;
5. where appropriate, a copy of a certificate under section 6(1) of the Criminal Evidence Act, 1992;
6. a copy of any deposition taken under section 4F;
7. a list of any further exhibits.
Obligation by the prosecution to disclose material not intended to be used at the trial
9.10 There may also be other material of an evidentiary nature which the prosecution has decided not to use at
trial. Some of this evidence may neither add to nor detract from the case against the accused, in which case it is
not relevant and need not be disclosed. Other evidence may undermine some aspect of the prosecution case or
in some other way be of assistance to the defence.
9.11 In the ordinary course disclosure of evidence should be made, without a request, if the evidence is
relevant. In this regard relevant evidence includes information which may reasonably be regarded as providing
a lead to other information that might assist the accused in either attacking the prosecution case or making a
positive case of its own. The following information should ordinarily be disclosed if relevant:
1. information not in statement form of which the prosecution is aware whether intended to be used by the
prosecution or not and whether considered reliable or not;
2. in the case of material not in the possession or procurement of the prosecution but of which it is aware
the existence of that material should be disclosed;
3. information regarding proposed prosecution witnesses which might reasonably be considered relevant to
their credibility, such as criminal convictions, an adverse finding in other proceedings, relationship with
a victim or another witness or any possible personal interest in the outcome of a case;
4. details of any physical or mental condition which may affect reliability;
5. details of any immunity from prosecution provided to a witness with respect to his or her involvement in
criminal activities. Where a witness is admitted to a witness protection programme the fact of such an
admission should be disclosed;
6. where the witness participated in the criminal activity the subject of the charges against the defendant,
whether the witness has been dealt with in respect of his or her own involvement and, if so, whether the
sentence imposed on the witness took into account any cooperation with law enforcement authorities in
relation to the current matter;
7. statements not included in the book of evidence which could be of assistance to the defence;
8. the unedited version of statements prepared for inclusion in the book of evidence;
9. items not included in the list of exhibits in the book of evidence which could reasonably be of assistance
to the defence;
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10. sworn information and warrants where relevant;
11. particulars of the accused's prior convictions;
12. any prior inconsistent statements of witnesses whom the prosecution intend to call to give evidence;
13. copies of all electronically or mechanically recorded statements obtained from the accused;
14. copies of any photographs, plans, documents or other representations that might be tendered by the
prosecution at trial or which, even though not intended to be so tendered, might reasonably be relevant
to the defence. The defence should also be provided with reasonable access to inspect exhibits and,
where it is practicable to do, photocopies or photographs of such exhibits;
15. where the prosecutor declines to call a witness whose statement is contained in the book of evidence, the
defence should be given details of any material or statements which may be relevant and if requested the
prosecution should make the witness available for the defence to call (see paragraph 8.6 to 8.8);
16. any other relevant document.
9.12 Where it is feasible to do so the defence should be provided with copies of relevant unused material.
However, where that is not feasible (for example because of the large quantity of material involved) the defence
should be provided with an opportunity to inspect it.
9.13 The investigating agency should, as early as possible:
inform the Director's Office of the existence of any material not included with the file that it considers is
potentially relevant. In cases of doubt the investigating agency should err on the side of informing the
Director of the existence of the particular material;
inform the Director's Office of the existence of any potentially disclosable material of which it is aware
and which is in the possession of a third party (that is, a person or body other than the prosecution or the
investigating agency);
provide the Director's Office with copies of potentially disclosable material unless that is not feasible,
(for example, because of the bulk of the material. In such a case it may be necessary for arrangements to
be made to enable the prosecutor to view the material before such a decision can be made whether it has
to be disclosed to the accused).
Material in the possession of third parties
9.14 Following the decision of the Supreme Court in the case of The People (Director of Public Prosecutions)
v. Sweeney (2001 4 IR 102), to the effect that the civil procedure known as 'third party discovery' has no
application in criminal proceedings, defendants cannot utilise this procedure to ensure production of material in
the hands of third parties.
9.15 This does not, however, have as a necessary consequence an erosion of the fair procedures to which the
defendant is entitled. The following observations are relevant:
the Criminal Justice Act, 1999 provides for the possibility of taking evidence by way of sworn
deposition in the District Court at any stage after the return for trial and it is open to the accused to
ensure that any relevant records or notes in the possession of a witness are produced;
alternatively it is open to the accused to require witnesses to attend at the trial and produce any relevant
documents by the issue of a subpoena duces tecum.
The duty to retain and preserve evidence
9.16 A number of principles can be determined from decisions of the High Court and Supreme Court in:
Director of Public Prosecutions v. Daniel Braddish (2001 3 IR 127);
Director of Public Prosecutions v. Robert Dunne (2002 2 IR 305);
Director of Public Prosecutions v. Bowes and McGrath (Supreme Court unreported 6 February 2003);
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Director of Public Prosecutions v. Ian Connolly (High Court 15 May 2003); and
Michael Scully v. Director of Public Prosecutions, (unreported 21 November 2003).
The following guidelines are drafted in the light of these cases.
9.17 Evidence relevant to guilt or innocence must, so far as necessary and practicable, be kept until the
conclusion of a trial. This principle also applies to the preservation of articles which may give rise to the
reasonable possibility of securing relevant evidence. The fact that evidence is not to be used by the prosecution
does not justify its destruction or unavailability or the destruction of notes or records about it. Where the
evidence gives rise to a reasonable possibility of rebutting the prosecution case it should be retained.
9.18 There is a duty to seek out evidence having a bearing on guilt or innocence. The obligation does not
require the investigator to engage in disproportionate commitment of manpower or resources in an exhaustive
search for every conceivable kind of evidence. The duty must be interpreted realistically on the facts of each
case. The obligation to seek out and preserve evidence is to be reasonably interpreted and the relevance or
potential relevance of the evidence needs to be considered. There is an obligation and responsibility on defence
lawyers to seek material they consider relevant.
9.19 While observing the foregoing principles the Garda Síochána must have regard to the rights of the owner
of stolen goods. Where they possess evidence which it is not proposed to use at the trial and which they intend
to return to the owner or otherwise dispose of, they should inform the accused of this fact beforehand so the
defence may have the opportunity to examine the items before their return to the owner.
9.20 The defence should be afforded a reasonable amount of time in which to carry out such an inspection. A
record should be retained of any communication with the accused or the accused's representatives inviting
access to the item and the time limit allowed for such access should be recorded. Where the Garda Síochána
have recovered stolen property used in criminal offences the main consideration is relevance to the offence
which is being investigated. The item has to be considered with regard to the overall nature of the investigation.
If a third party is seeking the return of the item, but no suspect has been identified, the question should be asked
as to whether forensic examination, sampling or other tests need to be carried out beforehand to rebut any
possible prejudice which may arise from the disposal of the item.
9.21 Where the Garda Síochána or another investigating agency is in doubt whether material should be retained
they should seek the advice of
the Director's Office.
Limitations on the Duty to Disclose
9.22 The prosecution is under no obligation to disclose irrelevant material to the defence. If the material is
irrelevant in the sense that it is not relied on by the prosecution and does not appear to assist the defence then it
is neither appropriate nor necessary to disclose it. However, as a general guideline if it is reasonably possible
that something is relevant and if there is no other obstacle to disclosure the balance is in favour of disclosure. It
must be borne in mind that the prosecution may not be aware that a particular defence will be put forward by
the accused. In cases of doubt concerning either relevance or a competing claim of privilege the prosecutor
should consider seeking a ruling from the court.
9.23 The prosecution is not obliged to disclose:
a confidential statement made by a Garda informant where such statement would identify the informant;
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the identity of a potential witness who has assisted the Garda Síochána without intending to be a witness
and the prosecution has agreed not to call the person unless that person has evidence which would assist
the defence.
9.24 In deciding whether to disclose material the prosecutor must also have regard to any other issues of the
public interest which might arise. In such cases, however, the defence should be informed that material has
been withheld on such grounds so as to enable the accused to seek a court ruling on the matter. Some relevant
factors to be considered are:
1. whether the material is protected by legal professional privilege. The public policy which protects
communications between lawyer and client extends to communications between the Director and his
professional officers, solicitors and counsel as to prosecutions by him which are in being or
contemplated;
2. whether the material, if it became known, might facilitate the commission of other offences or alert a
person to Garda investigations;
3. whether the material would be of assistance to criminals by revealing methods of detection or
combating crime;
4. whether the material involves the security of the State;
5. whether disclosure of the document would lead to the publication of the names of others in respect of
whom further investigative discussions are to take place or in respect of whom enquiries have been
made in certain circumstances where all the parties involved have an entitlement to the presumption of
innocence;
6. where the circumstances require, a prosecutor may seek an undertaking that the material will not be
disclosed to parties other than the accused's legal advisers and the accused.
9.25 The privileges or exemptions outlined at 9.23 and 9.24 are subject to the 'innocence at stake' exception
where the disclosure of the material concerned or of the identity of the informant or witness is necessary or
right because the evidence in question if believed could show the innocence of the accused.
"If upon the trial of a person the judge should be of opinion that the disclosure of the name of the informant is
necessary or right in order to show the person's innocence, then one public policy is in conflict with another
public policy, and that which says that an innocent man is not to be condemned when his innocence can be
proved is the policy that must prevail" - Lord Esher MR in Marks v. Beyfus (1890 25 QBD 494).
If the prosecution is nonetheless unable to disclose the material concerned then it may be necessary to
discontinue the prosecution.
The Timing of Disclosure
9.26 As a general rule disclosure should be made sufficiently in advance of the trial to enable the accused to
consider the material disclosed. Primary voluntary disclosure of all disclosable material then in the possession
of the prosecution should be made at the time of the return for trial of the accused. Any further material
subsequently coming into the possession of the prosecution or specifically requested by the defence should be
disclosed in a timely fashion.
http://www.dppireland.ie/filestore/documents/Chapter_9_Disclosure.htm
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